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A standard transformer is not designed for high harmonic currents produced by non-linear loads and will overheat and fail prematurely when connected to these loads. For this reason a special transformer has been designed. This transformer is a K-rated transformer. K-rated transformers are: able to handle the heat generated by harmonic currents; not effected by harmonics; very efficient when used under their K-factor value; manufactured with heavier gauge copper and a double sized neutral conductor; and have higher magnetic to resistive properties than a standard transformer. All these properties are needed to reduce the heating and distortion effects of non-linear loads. Non Linear Loads______________________________________________________________ Over the past few decades there has been dramatic growth in the use of equipment that incorporate switching type power supplies; i.e personal computers, fax mach-ines, copiers, electronic high efficiency ballasts, variable speed drives, and various medical equipment. These loads are non-linear in nature; meaning they only demand current during part of the cycle. This type of load creates harmonic currents, which in turn generate heat in the distribution equipment, neutral conductors, and transformers. The temperature rise limit of the insulation in a transformer is usually 150° C or 200° C When this limit is exceeded, the life expectancy of the transformer will be cut in half for every 10° C to a point where the insulation breaks down destroying the transformer it. In some cases this creates a fire. Because they are designed specifically for non-linear loads, K-rated transformers will not overheat when subjected to harmonic loads. They also stay within the temperature rise limit of the insulation, and should be used wherever harmonic generating loads are present. K Factor______________________________________________________________________
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